Pinus nigra
Pinus nigra
Karaçam
Tree, up to 30 m. Bark dark grey to blackish. Young shoots glabrous. Leaves 70-180 x 2 mm, dark green, rigid, often curved. Buds resinous. Cone ovoid, erect or ascending. Scales flattened, apophysis ± flat. Umbo mucronate. Frequently a dominant tree, or in scrub, from 300-1800 m, in the south not usually below 1000 m, where it replaces P. brutia above 1000-1200 m. P.nigra forest is most extensive in W. Anatolia, but encircles C. Anatolia on 3 sides. In the N. it grows on drier slopes than Fagus or Abies.
Cyprus, Crimea, W. Caucasus, Balkans and the S. Carpathians and W. Syria.
