Vicia sativa
Vicia sativa
Ssp amphicarpa: Akfiğ; Ssp incisa: Ekin fiği; Ssp macrocarpa: Elçi fiği; Ssp nigra: Eşek gürülü; Ssp sativa: Fiğ
Hairy to subglabrous annual, 20-80 cm, decumbent to erect or climbing. Leaflets 4-8-paired, usually 10-40 x 2-15 mm, linear or lanceolate to oblong or obovate, rarely deeply toothed. Stipules semi-hastate, dentate; tendrils generally branched. Flowers 1-2, axillary, 14-27 mm, pale pink to purplish violet, rarely white, short-pedicelled, very rarely short-peduncled. Calyx 7-20 mm, campanulate-tubular, nearly regular, pubescent; teeth 5-11 mm, subequal, linear-subulate or lanceolate. Legume 35-65 x 5-9 mm, linear, somewhat beaked, usually ± pubescent; sometimes also with subterranean, 1-2-seeded fruits. Seeds usually 6-12, smooth, 2-7 mm diam., hilum short. Fl. 3-5.
This wild and cultivated, cosmopolitan species is one of the most variable in the genus. Five main taxa, at subspecific rank, can be distinguished in the complex. The variability in all taxa, or populations, of V. sativa is homologous, parallel, and consequently overlapping; many of the subdivisions are known to interbreed with each other, at least to some extent. The species shows considerable variation in almost every trait, but particularly in leaflet morphology and in basic chromosome number.
1. Flowers and fruits dimorphic; stems aerial and subterranean, the latter bearing rudimentary flowers producing 1-2-seeded fruits below ground ..................................subsp. ampbicarpa
1. Flowers and fruits monomorphic, all borne on aerial stems
2. Legumes 9-11 mm broad, with coriaceous, prominently veined, dark brown or blackish, often pubescent legumes; corolla 20-30 mm ...........subsp. macrocarpa
2. Legumes narrower, with thinner valves, yellowish-brown to blackish; corolla 14-27 mm
3. Legumes ± torulose, 45-70 x 6-10 mm; seeds 4,5-7 mm; calyx teeth usually 5-11 mm; corolla 20-26 mm; leaflets 6-8-paired, linear or oblong to obovate, truncate ........ subsp. sativa
3. Legumes not torulose, usually smaller, less than 6·5 mm broad; seeds 2-5 mm; calyx teeth usually shorter or much longer than 6 mm; leaflets acutish to emarginate, 4-7-paired
4. Leaflets usually 10-14 mm broad; calyx 12-20 mm, teeth 6-12 mm; corolla 17-26 mm; seeds 4-5 mm ssp. incisa
5. Some or all of the leaflets incised-dentate, all broadly cuneate-obovate; corolla usually concolorous .............var. incisa
5. All leaflets entire, oblong to obovate-cuneate; corolla usually bicolored var. cordata
4. Leaflets usually less than 10 mm broad; calyx 7-12 mm, teeth c. 2,5-8 mm; corolla 10-20 mm; seeds 2-4 mm .....subsp. nigra
6. Leaflets generally 1-6 mm broad, linear to oblanceolate or oblong, sometimes elliptic, acute to retuse; calyx 7-12 mm, teeth 2,5-7 mm; corolla, 14-20 mm; plant slender ....................var. nigra
6. Leaflets 4-10 mm broad, oblong-linear to oblong-obovate, acutish to notched; calyx 10-12 mm, teeth 4-8 mm; corolla 17-22 mm; plant robust .........var. segetalis
